When should a heel puncture be performed?

Heel puncture is a recommended method for obtaining blood samples specifically from infants less than a year old. This is primarily due to the fact that infants have smaller veins that are often difficult to access safely. As a result, the heel is a less invasive site that minimizes the risk of complications, such as nerve damage or extensive bruising, which can occur with venipuncture in very young patients.

The heel puncture technique allows for the collection of small blood volumes required for various tests, especially in the critical early stages of life when frequent testing may be necessary. This method utilizes the capillary network in the heel, providing a sufficient blood flow while also ensuring a level of comfort for the infant that reduces stress during the procedure.

In contrast, heel punctures are generally not appropriate for older patients, such as toddlers and adults, since they have larger and more accessible veins that can be used for venipuncture. Performing a heel puncture on these populations might not be practical and could lead to unnecessary difficulties and discomfort.