What is the purpose of immunohistochemistry stains?

The purpose of immunohistochemistry stains is to identify specific tissue components using antigen-antibody reactions. This technique involves using antibodies that bind to specific antigens present in the tissues being examined. By applying these antibodies, which are often conjugated to a detectable marker, it becomes possible to visualize the presence and distribution of particular proteins or other biomolecules in tissue sections.

This method is vital in diagnostic pathology as it allows for the differentiation of tissue types, detection of disease markers, and can aid in the diagnosis of conditions such as cancer by highlighting abnormal expression of proteins associated with tumor growth. The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry make it an invaluable tool in both research and clinical settings for understanding tissue anatomy and pathology deeply.

Other options, focused on specific staining aspects, do not capture the overarching purpose of immunohistochemistry, which is centered around antigen-antibody interactions for detailed tissue analysis.