What is the main purpose of eosinophils in the immune system?

The primary role of eosinophils in the immune system is to enhance immunity against parasitic infections. These white blood cells are particularly effective in combating larger parasites, such as helminths (worms), by releasing cytotoxic granules and inflammatory mediators. Eosinophils also play a significant role in the inflammatory response and are involved in the pathophysiology of allergic reactions.

While eosinophils are not the main cell type associated with fighting bacterial infections—that role is primarily attributed to neutrophils—their involvement in allergic reactions and response to parasites encompasses a broad range of immune functions. Therefore, acknowledging the various roles of eosinophils, including involvement in allergic processes and reactions, informs us of their multifaceted nature in immune responses. This comprehensive view leads to recognizing that eosinophils contribute to all of the mentioned functions in varying degrees, solidifying the conclusion that their main purpose entails multiple aspects of immune defense.