What is the main purpose of collecting cytological specimens?

Collecting cytological specimens primarily aims to identify tumor cells. This process involves the examination of individual cells taken from tissues or bodily fluids, enabling healthcare professionals to assess the presence of cancerous cells or abnormalities. Cytology tests, such as Pap smears, are instrumental in cancer screening and diagnosis, particularly in identifying malignant changes in tissues. By focusing on cellular characteristics, cytology provides critical information that assists in diagnosing various malignancies and determining appropriate treatment options.

The other options, while important in their respective contexts, do not align with the primary focus of cytological specimen collection. Hormonal imbalances typically require biochemical tests measuring hormone levels in the blood rather than cellular analysis. Evaluating kidney function usually involves tests on blood or urine samples to assess how well the kidneys are performing, rather than cytological examination. Lastly, screening for parasitic infections generally relies on identifying the parasites themselves or their genetic material, instead of examining individual cells. Thus, identifying tumor cells is the most relevant purpose when collecting cytological specimens.