What is the definition of supernatant in a laboratory context?

In a laboratory context, the term "supernatant" refers to the liquid portion that remains above the solid residue after a process such as centrifugation or sedimentation. When a mixture is subjected to centrifugation, the denser components, such as cells or particulates, settle at the bottom of the container, forming a solid residue known as the pellet. The supernatant consists of the liquid that floats on top of this solid material and contains dissolved substances, nutrients, or other components of interest. Understanding the distinction between the supernatant and the sediment is crucial for many laboratory procedures, including sample preparation and analysis.