What does specific gravity measure?

Specific gravity is a measurement that compares the density of a substance to the density of water. It is defined as the ratio of the density of the substance to the density of water at a specified temperature, typically 4 degrees Celsius when water reaches its maximum density. This measurement helps to provide insight into whether a substance is lighter or heavier than water, which is fundamental in various fields, including chemistry, medicine, and materials science.

This understanding allows for practical applications, such as determining the concentration of solutions, evaluating the purity of substances, and assessing the buoyancy of materials in different environments. The concept is crucial in laboratory settings, particularly in analyzing bodily fluids, where specific gravity can indicate various pathological conditions based on the concentration of solutes in urine.