What does edema refer to in a clinical context?

Edema refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of tissues, which can lead to swelling. This condition often affects areas such as the legs, ankles, and feet, but can occur anywhere in the body. The fluid accumulation is typically a result of various factors such as inflammation, heart failure, or kidney disease, and is clinically significant because it can indicate underlying health issues that require investigation and management.

In the context of the other options: while ruptured blood vessels involve bleeding, they do not describe the fluid buildup characteristic of edema. Increased blood cell concentration relates to conditions such as polycythemia, which is also unrelated to the accumulation of interstitial fluid. Low blood pressure pertains to hypotension and does not directly cause edema, though it can relate to the body's broader fluid management and circulation issues. Thus, fluid accumulation under the skin is the specific definition that accurately describes edema in a clinical context.